MS medium is a very commonly used tissue culture medium, in which many variants have been developed. This culture medium originated from White＇s culture medium ａnd was initially developed for the cultivation of tobacco callus tissue. Compared to white culture medium, the concentration of all components increased. Increasing nitrogen to 50-60mM significantly stimulates the growth of tobacco cells, but concentrations of 80mM or higher are clearly detrimental to the cells. The increase of all other elements, especially macro elements, also stimulates the growth of callus tissue. Due to the high concentration of minerals, MS medium is a very rich saline medium, which may be too salty for certain plant species. To avoid this issue, MS is usually used in conjunction with trace elements at full concentrations, but with constant elements at concentrations of half or three-quarters as originally described by the author. Sometimes, the original MS vitamins are replaced by vitamins from Linsmaier ａnd Gamborg B5 culture media, as the concentration of thiamine is higher compared to the demand for this vitamin in plants.

MS培養基是Murashige和Skoog于1962年為煙草細胞培養設計的，其特點是無機鹽和離子濃度較高，是較穩定的離子平衡溶液，它的硝酸鹽含量高，其養分的數量和比例合適，能滿足植物細胞的營養和生理需要，因而適用范圍比較廣，多數植物組織培養快速繁殖用它作為培養基的基本培養基。 基于此，這種培養基就用他們的名字來命名了。

MS培養基是非常常用的組織培養基，其中已經開發了許多變體。該培養基起源于懷特的培養基，初是為種植煙草愈傷組織而開發的。與白色培養基相比，所有成分的濃度都增加了。增加至50-60mM氮顯著刺激煙草細胞的生長，然而濃度為80mM或更高顯然對細胞不利。所有其他元素的增加，特別是宏觀元素的增加，也刺激了愈傷組織的生長。由于礦物質濃度高，MS培養基是一種非常豐富的鹽水培養基，對某些植物物種來說可能太咸了。為了避免這個問題，MS通常與全濃度的微量元素一起使用，但與作者初描述的濃度的一半或四分之三的常量元素一起使用。有時，原始的MS維生素被Linsmaier和Gamborg B5培養基的維生素所取代，因為相對于植物對這種維生素的需求，硫胺素的濃度較高。

艾美捷 Murashige & Skoog培養基含維生素#M0222.0050組成：

微量元素 毫克/升 微米

氯化鈷2.6H2O 0.025 0.11

銅酸4.5H2O 0.025 0.10

菲納多達 36.70 100.00

H3博3 6.20 100.27

基 0.83 5.00

錳硫4.H2O 16.90 100.00

那2哞4.2H2O 0.25 1.03

氧化鋅4.7H2O 8.60 29.91

宏元素 毫克/升 毫米

氯化鈣2 332.02 2.99

韓2采購訂單4 170.00 1.25

諾3 1900.00 18.79

鎂硫磺4 180.54 1.50

新罕布什爾州4不3 1650.00 20.61

維生素 毫克/升 微米

甘氨酸 2.00 26.64

肌醇肌醇 100.00 554.94

煙酸 0.50 4.06

鹽酸吡哆醇 0.50 2.43

鹽酸硫胺素 0.10 0.30

包括維生素在內的微觀和宏觀元素總濃度：4405.19毫克/升

FORMULA,INGREDIENTS     PER     LITER  

Potassium Nitrate 1900.00 mg/I Batch number :017465

Ammonium  Nitrate 1650.00 mg/1 Batch number :017160

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate 170.00  mg/ Batch  number:017087

Magnesium Sulphate Anhydrous   180.54 mg/1 Batch number  :017230

MS Micro Elements (M0301)   69.53 mg/l Batch number :P21196

Calcium Chloride Anhydrous   332.02 mg/l Batch number :017261

MS Vitamin Mixture (M0409)   103.10 mg/l Batch number :P20929